• International Maritime Organization (IMO): www.imo.org
• International labour Organisation (ILO) www.ilo.org
• International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) www.itfglobal.org
• Human Rights Watch: www.hrw.org
• Amnesty International: http://www.amnesty.org
• No Peace Without Justice: http://www.npwj.org
• UN Oceans and Law of the Sea: http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees: www.unhcr.org
• Business and Human Rights Resource Centre (BHRRC): http://www.business-humanrights.org
• British Maritime Law Association: www.bmla.org.uk
• Comité Maritime International: www.comitemaritime.org
• International Foundation for the Law of the Sea: www.iflos.org
• 100 Series Rules for the Use of Force: https://100seriesrules.com
• UNICEF Convention on the Rights of the Child: http://www.unicef.org.uk/UNICEFs-Work/Our-mission/UN-Convention
• Children’s Rights and Business Principles: http://childrenandbusiness.org
• ISO 2600 Social Responsibility: http://www.iso.org/iso/discovering_iso_26000.pdf
• ISO and social responsibility: http://www.iso.org/iso/socialresponsibility.pdf
• ICRC IHL database: https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/home
• ICRC Treaties and States Parties to such Treaties database: https://www.icrc.org/ihl

 

2016 Update

Human Rights in the Gulf Region

Useful links on Institutes and Academic Papers:

1. http://www.gc4hr.org/page/about_us

2. https://www.fidh.org/en/region/asia/iran/16497-iran-position-paper-regarding-the-human-rights-situation-in-iran-for-the

3. http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/1282.pdf

4. https://www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/41017

5. https://www.ciaonet.org/attachments/21690/uploads

6. http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/human-rights-documents/index.1.html

 

Slavery Referral texts and other publications

Greenpeace guidance for the seafood industry and government, ‘Slavery and Labour Abuse in the Fishing Sector’ (2014)

http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/briefings/oceans/2014/Slavery-and-Labour-Abuse-in-the-Fishing-Sector.pdf

UK Government, ‘Explanatory Notes – Modern Slavery Act 2015’

http://legislation.data.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30/notes/data.htm?wrap=true

ILO, ‘Final report “ILO expert workshop on Measuring Modern Slavery” ‘ (2015)

http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/publications/WCMS_390001/lang–en/index.htm

ILO, ‘Forced and compulsory labour in international human rights law’ (2015)

http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/publications/WCMS_342966/lang–en/index.htm

Human Trafficking International Instruments

ILO, ‘International expert meeting on labour exploitation in the fishing sector in the Atlantic region’ (Background document for the Oslo Conference)

http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/publications/WCMS_429048/lang–en/index.htm

UN General Assembly, ‘Trafficking in women and girls’, (2014) A/RES/69/149

https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/UN_Documents/69th_Session/N1470513.pdf

Referral texts and other publications

USA State Department, ‘Trafficking in Persons Report’ (2015)

http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/index.htm

UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) [on migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya

http://www.refworld.org/docid/561df72f4.html

International Labour Office (ILO), ‘Caught at Sea: Forced Labour and Trafficking in Fisheries’ (2013)

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_norm/—declaration/documents/publication/wcms_214472.pdf

ILO, ‘GAPfish – A Global action programme against forced labour and trafficking of fishers at sea’ (2015)

http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/publications/WCMS_429359/lang–en/index.htm

Migrants and Refugees International instruments

UN General Assembly, ‘Oceans and law of the sea: resolution’ (2015)

http://www.refworld.org/docid/553f70984.html

UN General Assembly, ‘Protection of migrants’, (2014) A/RES/69/167

https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/UN_Documents/69th_Session/N1470710.pdf

Security Council, Resolution 2240 (2015)

http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2240.pdf

Referral texts and other publications

Amnesty International, By Hook or by Crook: Australia’s Abuse of Asylum-seekers at Sea

http://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce51b1,50ffbce51f0,5631eaee8,0,,,.html

OECD, ‘Is this humanitarian migration crisis different?’, (2015)

http://www.oecd.org/migration/Is-this-refugee-crisis-different.pdf

EU Policy Department, ‘Migrants in the Mediterranean: Protecting human rights’ (2015)

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/535005/EXPO_STU(2015)535005_EN.pdf

UN Press Release, ‘Adopting Resolution 2240 (2015), Security Council Authorizes Member States to Intercept Vessels off Libyan Coast Suspected of Migrant Smuggling’, (2015)

http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sc12072.doc.htm

Migrant Related Articles

Coastal State Obligations in the Context of Refugees at Sea under the European Convention on Human Rights, Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 1 (2015), pp. 57-82

Steve Peers, ‘The Refugee Crisis: What should the EU do next?’ (2015)

http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.co.uk/2015/09/the-refugee-crisis-what-should-eu-do.html

Meghan Benton, ‘The Changing Face of International Migration: Flows Are Increasingly Fluid, Diverse, and Unconventional’ (2014)

Maritime Human Rights

Texts

ILC, Maritime Labour Convention (2006)

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_norm/—normes/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_090250.pdf

Articles

Stefano Piedimonte Bodini, ‘Fighting Maritime Piracy under the European Convention on Human Rights’ (2015)

http://ejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/3/829.abstract

Andreas Fischer-Lescano, Tillmann Löhr and Timo Tohidipur, ‘Border Controls at Sea: Requirements under International Human Rights and Refugee Law’ (2004)

http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2009/04/29/ijrl.eep008.full.pdf+html

Douglas Guilfoyle, ‘Counter-Piracy Law Enforcement and Human Rights’, ICLQ vol 59, January 2010 pp 141-169

‘Rethinking Asylum Seeker Detention at Sea: The Power to Detain Asylum Seekers at Sea under the Maritime Powers Act 2013’, University of New South Wales Law Journal, Vol. 38, Issue 2 (2015), pp. 695-737

‘Coastal State Obligations in the Context of Refugees at Sea under the European Convention on Human Rights’, Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 1 (2015), pp. 57-82

Publications

Tullio Treves,  ‘Human Rights and the Law of the Sea’, 28 Berkeley J. Int’l L. 1 (2010)

Bernard H. Oxman, ‘Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea’, 36 Colum. J. Transnat’l L. 399 (1998)

Coastal State Obligations in the Context of Refugees at Sea under the European Convention on Human Rights,

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 1 (2015), pp. 57-82

United States Congressional Research Service, Freedom of Navigation and Territorial Seas http://www.refworld.org/docid/55a4e3834.html

‘Guidelines on International Protection No. 11’, UNHCR, June 2015

http://www.unhcr.org/558a62299.html

Videos – Informative

IHS Maritime 360
Girija Shettar, Maritime Reporter, Human Rights and the human element HERE

IHS Maritime 360 – David Hammond – HRAS development HERE

 

Case Studies

20140728-SFS_Case_Study_-_Human_Trafficking_for_Forced_Labour_in_New_Zealand_s_Foreign_Charter_Vessel_Sector_-_P

20140728-SFS_Case_Study_-_Human_Trafficking_for_Forced_Labour_in_New_Zealand_s_Foreign_Charter_Vessel_Sector-Par

20140806-Migrant_Case_Study_Eritrea_Germany

20140910-HRAS_Case_Study_The Push Back Situation in Australia

20141007-HRAS_Case_Study_Children_in_Detention_Australia

20141027-HRAS_Case_Study_Human_Trafficking_Thailand

20150829-An-East-African-Legal-Review-of-the-Application-of-the-100-Series-Rules-for-the-Use-of-Force

20150415-HRAS-Case-Study-MV-Seaman-Guard-Ohio-Report – Updated 3 March 2016

Books, essays and documents

Border Management and Human Rights. A study of EU law and the Law of the Sea by Ruth Weinzierl and Urszula Lisson, German Institute of Human Rights, December 2007http://www.refworld.org/docid/47b1b0212.html

‘International Judges and the Protection of Human Rights at Sea’ by Irini Papanicolopulu, International Courts and the Development of International Law. 2013, pp 535-544

‘Hidden Emergency – Migrant deaths in the Mediterranean’, by Judith Sunderland, Human Rights Watch, Human Rights in Europe, August 2012http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/2012_EU_Hidden%20Emergency.pdf

‘Rescue at sea, stowaways and maritime interception’, UNHCR, 2nd edition, December 2011http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDFViewer.html?docid=4ee1d32b9&query=%22at%20sea%22

Report: Fundamental rights at Europe’s southern sea borders, March 2013
Downloadable at http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2013/fundamental-rights-europes-southern-sea-borders

Anna Petrig

Anna Petrig, Human Rights and Law Enforcement at Sea: Arrest, Detention and Transfers of Piracy Suspects (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2014; forthcoming).

Anna Petrig, Transfers of Piracy Suspects – A Crucial Element of the Regional Prosecution Strategy in Light of Human Rights Law, in: Claudia Cinelli and Eva Vázquez Gómez (eds), Regional Strategies to Maritime Security: A Comparative Perspective (Tirant lo Blanch 2014; forthcoming).

Anna Petrig, Arrest, Detention and Transfer of Piracy Suspects: A Critical Appraisal of the German Courier Case Decision, in: Andreone, Gemma / Bevilacqua, Giorgia / Cataldi, Giuseppe / Cinelli, Claudia (eds), Insecurity at Sea: Piracy and Other Risks to Navigation (Gianninin Editore 2013), p. 153-171.
www.marsafenet.org/index.php/publications/scientific-publications/marsafenet-action-s-publications/78-marsafenet-book

Anna Petrig, Human Rights in Counter-Piracy Operations: No Legal Vacuum but Legal Uncertainty, in: Mejia, Maximo / Kojima, Chie / Sawyer, Mark (eds), Piracy at Sea, (Springer 2013), p. 31-45.

Anna Petrig, The Use of Force and Firearms by Private Maritime Security Companies Against Suspected Pirates, International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62 (2013), 3, p. 667-701.

---

2015

Slavery at Sea

International instruments

• Agreement on port state measures to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2009), http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/legal/docs/1_037t-e.pdf
• ILO Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (Entry into force: 20 Aug 2013; ) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:91:0

• ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029 
• ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C105 
• ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C138 
• ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312327:NO

Slavery Referral texts and other publications

• Briefing Paper of the European Parliament and the Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union: http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/addressing-contemporary-forms-of-slavery-in-eu-external-policy-pbBB0113823/?CatalogCategoryID=cOwKABstC3oAAAEjeJEY4e5
• ILO report “Caught at sea: Forced labour and trafficking in fisheries” http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/publications/WCMS_214472/lang–en/index.htm
• Sold to the Sea: Human Trafficking in Thailand’s Fishing Industry (EJF film), ISBN 978-1-904523-29-1, publication date: 29. May 2013
• Slavery at Sea: The Continued Plight of Trafficked Migrants in Thailand’s Fishing Industry (EJF film), ISBN 978-1-904523-34-5, publication date: 4 May 2014
• International Commission on Shipping: Inquiry into Ship Safety Ships, Slaves and Competition http://www.itfglobal.org/seafarers/icons-site/images/ICONS-fullreport.pdf
• An introduction to transnational criminal law / Neil Boister, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2012, ISBN: 978-0-19-163201-3
• The Slavery Conventions : the travaux préparatoires of the 1926 League of Nations convention and the 1956 United Nations convention / by Jean Allain, Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, c2008, http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/9789047429968 

Human Trafficking

International Instruments

• The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) (Palermo Convention) http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/Publications/TOC%20Convention/TOCebook-e.pdf
•  The United Nations protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the united nations convention against transnational organized crime http://www.uncjin.org/Documents/Conventions/dcatoc/final_documents_2/convention_%20traff_eng.pdf
• Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/Publications/TOC%20Convention/TOCebook-e.pdf
• UN: Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, entered into force in 1957 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/SupplementaryConventionAbolitionOfSlavery.aspx
•  ILO Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (Entry into force: 20 Aug 2013) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:91:0
•  ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029
•  ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C105
• ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C138
• ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312327:NO
• Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (CETS No. 197) http://www.conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?NT=197&CM=1&CL=ENG
• European Convention on Human Rights http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf
• Council Dierective 2004/81/EC http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0081:EN:HTML
• EU Directive 2011/36/EU, (Directive on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:101:0001:0011:EN:PDF
• OSCE Action Plan on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings http://www.osce.org/odihr/23866?download=true
• OSCE draft addendum to the OSCE action plan to combat trafficking in human beings: one decade later. http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/download.action?nodePath=/EU+Policy/Decision+no.+1107+addendum+to+the+OSCE+action+plan.pdf&fileName=Decision+no.+1107+addendum+to+the+OSCE+action+plan.pdf&fileType=pdf
• In 2003 the OSCE established an anti-trafficking mechanism aimed at raising public awareness of the problem and building the political will within participating States to tackle it effectively. The OSCE actions against human trafficking are coordinated by the Office of the Special Representative for Combating the Traffic of Human Beings http://www.osce.org/secretariat/trafficking

Referral texts and other publications

•  UNODC Issue Paper: Smuggling of Migrants by Sea (2011) http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/Migrant-Smuggling/Issue-Papers/Issue_Paper_-_Smuggling_of_Migrants_by_Sea.pdf
• UNODC: transnational organized crime in the fishing industry http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/Issue_Paper_-_TOC_in_the_Fishing_Industry.pdf
• UNODC: Global report on trafficking in persons (2012) http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/Trafficking_in_Persons_2012_web.pdf
•  UNODC: Compendium on best practices on human trafficking by law enforcement agencies: http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/India_Training_material/Compendium_of_Best_Practices_by_Law_Enforcement_Agencies.pdf
•  IOM 2011Case Data on Human Trafficking http://www.humantrafficking.org/uploads/publications/IOM-Global-Trafficking-Data-on-Assisted-Cases-2012.pdf
• Humantrafficking.org http://www.humantrafficking.org/uploads/publications/IOM-Global-Trafficking-Data-on-Assisted-Cases-2012.pdf

Migrants and Refugees

International instruments

• The 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees; also referred to as the Geneva
  Convention http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.pdf
• The 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.pdf
• The 1969 OAU Convention Governingthe Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa http://www.unhcr.org/45dc1a682.html
• EU regulation No 604/2013 (Dublin Regulation III) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:180:0031:0059:EN:PDF
•  EU regulation No 1052/2013, establishing the European
  Border Surveillance System (Eurosur) http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/Eurosur_Regulation_2013.pdf
•  IMO Resolution A.920(22) http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Documents/Resolution%20A.920%2822%29.pdf
• Resolution MSC.153(78), adoption of amendments to SOLAS http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Documents/Resolution%20MSC.153%2878%29-MSC%2078.pdf
• Resolution MSC.155(78), adoption of amendments to SAR http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Documents/Resolution%20MSC.155-%2078.pdf
• MSC Guidelines on the treatment of persons rescued at sea http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Documents/MSC.167%2878%29.pdf

Referral texts and other publications

• UNODC Model law against the smuggling of migrants (2010) http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/Model_Law_Smuggling_of_Migrants_10-52715_Ebook.pdf
•  International Migration – A publication of the UN System CEB for Coordination http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Documents/Internatioanl%20Migration%20-%20UN%20System%20CEB%20for%20Coordination.pdf
• UNODC A
  short introduction on migrant smuggling http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/Migrant-Smuggling/Issue-Papers/Issue_Paper_-_A_short_introduction_to_migrant_smuggling.pdf
• The European Council invites the newly established Task Force for the Mediterranean to identify priority actions for a more efficient short term use of European policies and tools to help detecting vessels and illegal entries, contributing to protecting and saving lives at the EU’s external borders http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/139197.pdf
• IMO links: http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Pages/Default.aspx
• IMO and UNHCR: A guide to principles and practice as applied to migrants and refugees http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Documents/Leaflet%20Rescue%20at%20sea.pdf
• IMO Circular MSC/Circ.896/Rev.1 http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Documents/MSC.1-Circ.896-REV1.pdf
• IMO Circular Fal.3/Circ.194 http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/Documents/FAL.3%20Circ.194.pdf
•  International Organization for Migration, World Migration Report; latest 2013 http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/WMR2013_EN.pdf
• Publication by UNFPA and IOM http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Facilitation/IllegalMigrants/Documents/Internatioanl%20Migration%20-%20UN%20System%20CEB%20for%20Coordination.pdf
• European Commission Press release Brussels, 4 December 2013 ‘ Lampedusa follow up: concrete actions to prevent loss of life in the Mediterranean and better address migratory and asylum flows’ http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-1199_en.htm
• EUROPEAN COMMISSION MEMO Brussels, 9 October 2013 EU action in the fields of migration and asylum http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-862_en.htm?locale=en

 Immigration, Migration and border Security Reports

Where human rights meet administrative law

The Peculiar Nature of EU Home Affairs Agencies

Migrants in the Mediterranean the do’s and don’ts 2012

Frontex Towards a Common Policy

Frontex Human Rights Responsibilities

Book_Reviews_Europe_and_Extraterritorial_As

OHCHR EU border management_ protecting the rights of migrants

FRA summary

FRA fundamental-rights-europes-southern-sea-borders

Pro Asyl Report Pushed Back

Amnesty International Human RIghts Abuses on Greece’s Border with Turkey 2013

Migrant Related Articles

Alfano: EU Must Take Over Migrant Rescue Programme (18 August 2014): http://www.africa-news.eu/immigration-news/italy/6220-alfano-eu-must-take-over-migrant-rescue-programme.html

Spain’s Immigration Problem: Out of Which Comes a Story About Princesa (17 August 2014): http://www.latinpost.com/articles/19404/20140817/www-google-com.htm

Spain Suspects Morocco Allowed a Brief Flood of Migrants (15 August 2014): http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/16/world/europe/spain-suspects-morocco-allowed-a-brief-flood-of-migrants.html?smid=nytcore-iphone-share&smprod=nytcore-iphone

Italy: EU Must Take Over Migrant Boat Rescues (15 August 2014): http://www.thelocal.it/20140815/italy-urges-eu-to-take-over-migrant-boat-rescues

By Sea And By Ladder, Africans Seek Entry to Spain (14 Aug 2014): http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/14/world/europe/by-sea-and-by-ladder-africans-seek-entry-to-spain.html?action=click&contentCollection=Europe&module=RelatedCoverage&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article

Italy as a Transit Country for Asylum Seekers (14 August 2014): http://oxmofm.com/guest-postasmira-italy-as-a-transit-country-for-asylum-seekers

Greece Seeks EC Influence to Tackle Surge in Illegal Migrants (14 August 2014): http://www.seatrade-global.com/news/europe/greece-seeks-ec-influence-to-tackle-surge-in-illegal-migrants.html

Record Number of Migrants Arriving in Italy and Spain as Madrid Blames Morocco (13 August 2014): http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/11031175/Record-number-of-migrants-arriving-in-Italy-and-Spain-as-Madrid-blames-Morocco.html

Frontex Presses On With Aerial Surveillance Projects (12 August 2014): http://www.statewatch.org/news/2014/aug/frontex-aerial-surveillance.htm

Migrants Head For Spain In Boats (12 August 2014): http://www.dw.de/migrants-head-for-spain-in-boats/a-17848470

Boat Migrant Arrivals to Italy Up 500 Percent in 2014 (12 August 2014): http://reliefweb.int/report/italy/boat-migrant-arrivals-italy-500-percent-2014

Conditions for Asylum Seekers Worsen in Libya (7 August 2014): http://www.asmarino.com/articles/3857-conditions-for-asylum-seekers-worsen-in-libya

Concern Mounts For Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Libya (5 August 2014): http://reliefweb.int/report/libya/concern-mounts-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-libya

Migration and Public Health in Europe (4 August 2014): http://www.scienceonthenet.eu/content/article/cristina-da-rold/migration-and-public-health-europe/august-2014

Pressure on Greece’s Border With Turkey Mounts As More Refugees Flee Middle East (2 August 2014): http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_02/08/2014_541909

Eritrean Migrants Risk Detentions and Beatings in Libya for a Life in Europe (1 August 2014): http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/01/eritrean-migrants-detention-beating-libya-europe

EU Must ‘Take Urgent Action’ To Ensure Safety Of Refugees (31 July 2014): https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/articles/news/eu-must-take-urgent-action-ensure-safety-refugees

People Before Borders (29 July 2014): http://www.globalissues.org/news/2014/07/29/19820

The Missed Opportunity of the “Ypres Guidelines” of the European Council Regarding Immigration and Asylum (29 July 2014): http://blogs.eui.eu/migrationpolicycentre/the-missed-opportunity-of-the-ypres-guidelines-of-the-european-council-regarding-immigration-and-asylum

Stopping the Wave of Asylum Seekers Means Fixing Libya (29 July 2014): http://euobserver.com/opinion/125139

Prioritising Border Control Over Human Lives: Violations Of The Rights Of Migrants and Refugees At Sea (28 July 2014): http://www.euromedrights.org/eng/2014/06/28/prioritising-border-control-over-human-lives-violations-of-the-rights-of-migrants-and-refugees-at-sea

Better Management of Dead and Missing Migrants Needed In Europe (28 July 2014): http://www.irinnews.org/report/100403/better-management-of-dead-and-missing-migrants-needed-in-europe

First Privately Funded Refugee Rescue Operation Sets Sale From Malta in August (28 July 2014): http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/first-privately-funded-refugee-rescue-operation-sets-sail-from-malta-in-august-9633091.html

Tracing Dead Migrants in Europe (28 July 2014): http://beforeitsnews.com/alternative/2014/07/tracing-dead-migrants-in-europe-3001544.html

Refugees Must Have Safe Access To Europe (26 July 2014): http://www.dw.de/refugees-must-have-safe-access-to-europe/a-17809981

Urgent EU Action Needed to End Refugee and Migrant Deaths at Sea, says UNHCR (25 July 2014): http://www.africa-news.eu/immigration-news/italy/6203-urgent-eu-action-needed-to-end-refugee-and-migrant-deaths-at-sea-says-unhcr.html

Mediterranean Boat People Numbers Soar This Year (24 July 2014): http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/141301/mediterranean-boat-people-numbers-soar-this-year

UNHCR Calls For Urgent European Action to End Refugee and Migrant Deaths at Sea (24 July 2014): http://reliefweb.int/report/italy/unhcr-calls-urgent-european-action-end-refugee-and-migrant-deaths-sea

EU Grapples With Smugglers As People Fleeing Conflict Face Torture (23 July 2014): http://euobserver.com/justice/125074

EU Solidarity For Rescue-At-Sea and Protection of Refugees and Migrants (22 July 2014): http://www.unhcr.org/531990199.pdf

Boldrini Wants Asylum Requests Allowed in Transit Countries (22 July 2014): http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/sections/generalnews/2014/07/22/boldrini-wants-asylum-requests-allowed-in-transit-countries_7a535a79-0a47-493f-81d3-c3d9524905e3.html

19 Migrants Suffocate On Boat to Italy (19 July 2014): http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/140989/19-migrants-suffocate-on-boat-to-italy

Bulgaria Under Fire Over Anti-Refugee Border Fence (17 July 2014): http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/bulgaria-under-fire-over-anti-refugee-border-fence.aspx?pageID=238&nID=69269&NewsCatID=351

Lives at the Southern Borders (17 July 2014): https://jrseurope.org/assets/Regions/EUR/media/files/lives_at_the_southern_borders.pdf

Italy Rescues More Than 1700 Boat Migrants In Three Days (16 July 2014): http://www.worldbulletin.net/world/140757/italy-rescues-more-than-1700-boat-migrants-in-three-days

Lost at Sea (16 July 2014): http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/scholarship/workingpapers/LostAtSea.html

Europe’s Migration Emergency (14 July 2014): http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/opinion/europes-migration-emergency.html

No One Deserves To Die At Sea (13 July 2014): http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/interview/41131/watch_no_one_deserves_to_die_at_sea#.U_IG1YBdV7R

Maiziere: EU Must Help Refugees At The Source (11 July 2014): http://www.dw.de/maiziere-eu-must-help-refugees-at-the-source/a-17773504

Portugal Adopts New Asylum Legislation Transposing EU Asylum Directives (11 July 2014): http://www.ecre.org/component/content/article/70-weekly-bulletin-articles/785-portugal-adopts-new-asylum-legislation-transposing-eu-asylum-directives.html

Italy In Talks With EU To Share Responsibility For Migrants (9 July 2014): http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/140308/italy-in-talks-with-eu-to-share-responsibility-for-migrants

The Human Cost of the Fortress of Europe (9 July 2014): http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR05/001/2014/en/48cb6136-cefc-4fd0-96cd-cd43b46eb5a8/eur050012014en.pdf

EU Migration Policies Put Lives and Rights at Risk (9 July 2014): http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/eu-migration-policies-put-lives-and-rights-risk-2014-07-09

Refugees Shouldn’t Be Italy’s Burden Alone (8 July 2014): http://online.wsj.com/articles/italys-refugee-problem-1404847685

Latest Boat Tragedy Off Libya Adds To Rising Death Toll In Mediterranean (8 July 2014): http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=53bbc6b09&query=libya

Growing Refugee Numbers Call For EU Solidarity (8 July 2014): http://www.dw.de/growing-refugee-numbers-call-for-eu-solidarity/a-1776844

‘Open Legal Routes to Refugees’: Malmstrom (8 July 2014): http://www.thelocal.it/20140708/we-must-open-legal-routes-to-refugees-malmstrom

81 Migrants Reported Dead Or Missing On Sea Route To Italy (3 July 2014): http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/139939/81-migrants-reported-dead-or-missing-on-sea-route-to-italy

The Effect Of Negative Labelling – Why Are We Still Talking About ‘Migrants’? (1 July 2014): http://migrantsatsea.org/2014/07/01/guest-post-the-effect-of-negative-labelling-why-are-we-still-talking-about-migrants

The Mandate of Frontex is Incompatible With Human Rights (July 2014): http://www.euromedrights.org/eng/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/bilan-2014-frontexit-en.pdf

Strengthening EU Border Security Won’t Stop the Deaths of Migrants in the Mediterranean (1 July 2014): http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2014/07/01/strengthening-eu-border-security-wont-stop-the-deaths-of-migrants-in-the-mediterranean

Does EU Have Political Will to Stop Deaths in the Mediterranean Sea? (1 July 2014): http://www.africa-news.eu/immigration-news/italy/6166-does-eu-have-political-will-to-stop-deaths-in-the-mediterranean-sea.html

Whose Sea? Mare Nostrum and the Politics of Migration in the Med (30 June 2014): http://nandosigona.wordpress.com/2014/06/30/whose-sea-mare-nostrum-and-the-politics-of-migration-in-the-med

Refugees Or Migrants? (27 June 2014): http://www.nai.uu.se/news/articles/2014/06/27/104657

New EU Rules on Maritime Surveillance: Will They Stop the Deaths and Push-Backs in the Mediterranean? (27 June 2014): http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.co.uk/2014/06/new-eu-rules-on-maritime-surveillance.html

Europe and the Refugees (21 June 2014): http://blog.nohatespeechmovement.org/europe-and-the-refugees

Guards Drive Back African Migrants at Morocco-Spain Border (14 June 2014): http://www.dw.de/guards-drive-back-african-migrants-at-morocco-spain-border/a-17707637

EU Must Establish Common ‘Safe’ and ‘Regular’ Migration Paths (13 June 2014): http://www.apc-cza.org/en/component/content/article/8-vesti/558-eu-must-establish-common-safe-and-regular-migration-paths.html

Italy: Refugees ‘Left Stranded and Starving’ in Rome and Milan (11 June 2014): http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/italy-refugees-left-stranded-starving-rome-milan-1452233

Why Figures Matter (10 June 2014): http://protectiongateway.com/2014/06/10/why-figures-matter

African Refugees: The Untouchables of Our Time (10 June 2014): http://thinkafricapress.com/migration/african-refugees-untouchables-our-time

The ‘Left-To-Die Boat’: Actions and Reactions (9 June 2014): http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=20940&lang=en

US Amphibious Assault Ship Rescues Illegal Migrants in Mediterranean, Brings More Problems For Beleaguered Malta (8 June 2014): http://refugeeresettlementwatch.wordpress.com/2014/06/08/us-amphibious-assault-ship-rescues-illegal-migrants-in-mediterranean-brings-more-problems-for-beleaguered-malta

EU Home Affairs Ministers Urged to Open Legal Channels For Refugees and Migrants (6 June 2014): http://us1.campaign-archive2.com/?u=8e3ebd297b1510becc6d6d690&id=49ecabdeb3#jha

Italy’s Forgotten Refugees (5 June 2014): http://inthesetimes.com/article/16800/italys_forgotten_refugees

Holding Centres Will Not Stop Migrants Risking Their Lives Off Europe’s Shores (4 June 2014): http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/04/holding-centres-migrants-risking-lives-europe-boat

UN Considers Holding Centres for Refugees to Prevent Deaths at Sea (4 June 2014): http://voiceofrussia.com/uk/news/2014_06_04/UN-considers-holding-centres-for-refugees-to-prevent-deaths-at-sea-5969/

UN Considers Establishing Refugees’ Centres in North Africa and Middle East (4 June 2014): http://www.eepa.be/wcm/320-eepa-news-and-activities/3522-un-considers-establishing-refugees-centres-in-north-africa-and-middle-east.html

Immigration: A Policy Failure At All Levels (3 June 2014): http://www.eureferendum.com/blogview.aspx?blogno=84987

Europe Faces ‘Colosssal Humanitarian Catastrophe Of Refugees Dying At Sea (2 June 2014): http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/02/europe-refugee-crisis-un-africa-processing-centres

Voices From Europe’s Deadliest Journey (2 June 2014): http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/02/voices-from-europes-deadliest-journey

EMHRN Position on Refugees From Syria (June 2014): http://www.euromedrights.org/eng/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/EMHRN-Position-on-Refugees-from-Syria_FINAL-EN.pdf

Strengthening Refugee Protection and Meeting Challenges: The European Union’s Next Steps on Asylum (June 2014): http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/strengthening-refugee-protection-and-meeting-challenges-european-unions-next-steps-asylum

Future EU Policy Development on Immigration and Asylum: Understanding the Challenge (June 2014): http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/future-eu-policy-development-immigration-and-asylum-understanding-challenge

Going West: Contemporary Mixed Migration Trends from the Horn of Africa to Libya and Europe (June 2014): http://www.regionalmms.org/fileadmin/content/rmms_publications/Going_West_migration_trends_Libya___Europe_final.pdf

Missing in the Mediterranean (June 2014): http://moreintelligentlife.co.uk/content/features/caroline-moorehead/lost-mediterranean?page=full

European Agency Reports Surge in Illegal Migration, Fuelling a Debate (30 May 2014): http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/31/world/europe/european-border-agency-reports-surge-in-illegal-migration.html

Understanding the Surge in Migrant Boat Crossings in Europe (29 May 2014): http://www.irinnews.org/report/100149/understanding-the-surge-in-migrant-boat-crossings-to-europe

Migrants Reach Spanish Enclave (28 May 2014): http://www.dw.de/migrants-reach-europe-via-melilla/a-17667465

The EU Lacks a Migration Policy (20 May 2014): http://euranetplus-inside.eu/the-eu-lacks-a-migration-policy

Her Job? To Welcome Boat Migrants Landing at Sicily’s Ports (20 May 2014): http://passblue.com/2014/05/20/her-job-to-welcome-the-boat-migrants-landing-at-sicilys-ports

Refugee Protection In Europe: A Proposal For Burden-Sharing (19 May 2014): http://www.eutopiamagazine.eu/en/eiko-thielemann/issue/refugee-protection-europe-proposal-burden-sharing

Will Europe Let More Refugees And Migrants Die At Sea? (15 May 2014): http://www.sos-europe-amnesty.eu/will-europe-let-more-refugees-and-migrants-die-at-sea-blog/

EU Leaders Must Urgently Act to Stop the Increasing Death Toll in the Mediterranean Sea (13 May 2014): http://www.amnesty.eu/en/news/press-releases/council-of-europe/eu-leaders-must-urgently-act-to-stop-the-increasing-death-toll-in-the-mediterranean-sea-0745/#.U_If2IBdV7Q

Refugees At Sea ‘Is Not An Italian Problem’: Shared EU Responsibility In The Mediterranean Crisis (8 May 2014): http://spititoutblog.wordpress.com/2014/05/08/refugees-at-sea-is-not-an-italian-problem-shared-eu-responsibility-in-the-mediterranean-crisis/

Europe Needs More Solidarity to Cope With the Challenge of Immigration (2 May 2014): http://juncker.epp.eu/news/europe-needs-more-solidarity-cope-challenge-immigration

Supporting Immigrant Integration in Europe? Developing the Governance of Diaspora Engagement (May 2014): http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/immigrant-integration-europe-developing-governance-diaspora-engagement

Smuggled Futures: The Dangerous Path of the Migrant from Africa to Europe (May 2014): http://www.globalinitiative.net/download/global-initiative/Global%20Initiative%20-%20Migration%20from%20Africa%20to%20Europe%20-%20May%202014.pdf

Europe’s Migration Crisis (28 April 2014): http://www.cfr.org/migration/europes-migration-crisis/p32874

Italian Right Calls For End To Migrant Rescue Programme (23 April 2014): http://euobserver.com/news/123904

Europe’s African Refugee Crisis: Is The Boat Really Full? (15 April 2014): http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/european-refugee-crisis-worsens-in-mediterranean-a-964304.html

EU-Africa Summit: A Eurocentric Approach (10 April 2014): http://blogs.eui.eu/migrationpolicycentre/eu-africa-summit-a-eurocentric-approach/

Greece: Frontier Of Hope And Fear (April 2014): http://www.sos-europe-amnesty.eu/content/assets/docs/Greece_Frontier_of_Hope_and_Fear_Avril_2014.pdf

Mediterranean Flows Into Europe: – Migration and the EU’s Foreign Policy (March 2014): http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/briefing_note/join/2014/522330/EXPO-JOIN_SP(2014)522330_EN.pdf